Beginning LMS Administration

The questions asked here are mostly questions that I was confronted with when I first started with administering a LMS, but I had some experience as a user which helped me a lot. The other source of questions is the LMS Forums.

What kind of technical skills do I need to take on LMS Administration?

Reading and writing are handy skills, and probably the most useful. This is something of a loaded question, and the answer is actually, depends on what you want to do, and what skills you already have.

Do you have any HTML, CSS and PHP skills? Do you have any SQL database skills. If you do, then you have a good start, if you do not, then do not worry about it. If you need them, you will pick these skills up as you go, and if you already have any programming skills, it is going to be fairly easy to do so. If you have never done any programming before, it is a little more difficult, but once you have the idea, it becomes a lot easier. Unless you intend on developing your LMS, e.g. build your own home made theme, alter code to reflect your own organization, then you can get away without any of these skills. What you do need is a way of developing a quick understanding of how LMS works.

Installing and setting up a new LMS is not difficult. Some servers and service providers do have problems, from time to time, but if you work with your ISP, and the LMS Community, you will get your LMS up and running. Once it is going, start looking at it. You won’t break anything, unless you start deleting things. Your best bet would be to read the documents. Look at the page you are working on. Somewhere on that page is a link that points to “LMS Docs for this page”. That is your best, most readily available, clues on how to do things. Once familiar with the environment, and how to get around it, how to get information on it, then the major steps have been taken, the rest is a continual refinement of that.

Tip

As a newbie Administrator, it is easy to get overwhelmed with all the different things available, useful plugins and extra blocks and so on, but the majority of those things are third-party made, not LMS.org in origin. Be aware that, as a general rule of thumb, the further you move away from the standard LMS, the greater your risks of things going wrong. This does not mean the plugins are badly written, and some are really handy, just sometimes things go wrong. If you are going to use them, be deliberate in your choice, do not use them just because it might be a good idea.

Perhaps the best thing is that you create a LMS on your desktop, or laptop, and you use that as a testbed. It should be the same version as your production site, to make things easy. Try things there first, if there is no problems, then you can replicate it on your production site.

I am being told that I need a php plugin to continue to install LMS 2.x

Check the version of the PHP installation you have installed. This message generally means that your install is not a recent release, and LMS will have some difficulty in running on it. Download and install the latest version of PHP to update. You will then have to uncomment all the required dynamic extensions you need, including the missing extension. The problem is then solved. If the install is on a host server, then you will need to contact your host and ask them to do this.

What Dynamic Extensions do I really need uncommented in my php.ini file? What else do I need to change?

This assumes you have complete control over the installation and running of your server, if your LMS is hosted, you need to do something different, which is also discussed below. In the php.ini you need to delete the semi-colon, the ;, from the start of any line to uncomment it. For LMS, you really should only need to change some values, and make sure the extensions you require are available. These are:

Resource Limits

 memory_limit = 128M     //This is the maximum it requires and on a shared server you may get much less. 

Data Handling

 post_max_size = 512M    //This allows postings of up to 512MB, but set it to suit yourself and your circumstances

Paths and Directories

 doc_root ="driveletter:pathtoserveractivewebdirectory"  (e.g. d:Apachehtdocs or e:iiswwwroot )
 and
 extension_dir = "driveletter:pathtophpext" (e.g. d:phpext or e:iisphpext)

File Uploads

 upload_max_filesize = 512M    (This is different from the post_max_size this is for file uploads.)

Dynamic Extensions

PHP 5.3.x
 extension=php_curl.dll
 extension=php_gd2.dll
 extension=php_gettext.dll
 extension=php_intl.dll
 extension=php_imap.dll
 extension=php_ldap.dll
 extension=php_mbstring.dll
 extension=php_exif.dll      ; Must be after mbstring as it depends on it
 extension=php_mysql.dll
 extension=php_mysqli.dll
 extension=php_openssl.dll
 extension=php_pdo_mssql.dll
 extension=php_pdo_mysql.dll
 extension=php_soap.dll
 extension=php_sockets.dll
 extension=php_sqlite.dll
 extension=php_xmlrpc.dll
 extension=php_zip.dll

These edits and Dynamic extensions cover a range of options here, there are a number of other possibilities, but these listed are the most common ones. Unless you have a specific need, there may not be any reason to deviate from these settings, but if you do, make sure you know what is going to happen. These extensions will also allow you to successfully install and run many other PHP applications.

One example is the Oracle extensions are not shown here, but Oracle can be used for the LMS database. Another area people often get themselves into trouble is using “Magic quotes”. Magic quotes really should be set to off, they were only introduced early in the use of PHP to allow for some inexperienced scripting practices, (read poor, shoddy or dodgy here). If someone is still writing poor scripts, then they deserve to draw attention to themselves and their scripts deleted.

My Host took my LMS 2 down from the server due to an overload of the database.

This happens far too often on shared servers. The additional memory requirements of LMS 2+ for installation and the additional database storage required is going to make it worse. The best bet is to find a dedicated server, that is the optimum, but reality is that costs do play a large part in making decisions about where a LMS will be stored. A dedicated server will give you the entire disc space and all the memory on that server to use as you need. A virtual dedicated server means you are sharing with a few other users on a server, possibly as many as 10, but more likely 5 or 6. A shared server mean you are sharing one box with as many of the Host’s clientele that can be put onto one server. This means sharing all resources and LMS’s demands get higher as the number of Users increases which affects all other Clients of the Host. There are any number of LMS Partners who may be willing to host your LMS, and the Internet also means you are not restricted by national or natural boundaries or currency transactions – politics, oceans and banks have no impact on where you host your LMS.

Why am I having trouble restoring my existing LMS 1.9.x courses into LMS 2.0?

Simply put, the changes in coding between LMS 1.9.x and LMS 2.0 are large. Additional security has forced changes to the backup processes. In just looking at the databases there are an additional 60 or more tables, so that creates a number of restoring issues alone. To bring LMS 1.9.x courses into LMS 2.0 is a monumental challenge, and full credit to those who are trying it. There is, currently, one commercial Windows based solution but it is not fully successful in its restoration of courses.

NOTE: LMS 2.0 can backup and restore courses from within itself perfectly, the issue appears to be centred on v1.x.x courses.
UPDATE: LMS 2.1 was released on July 1, 2011 and can now restore course files from backups made in v1.9.x. No users or user data can be restored.

How do I look up the error logs in LMS 2.0?

First, turn the error logs on, go to

 Site administration ► Development ► Debugging

and set error messages to DEVELOPER: …. Then go to

 Site administration ► Reports ► Logs

set your report options to Home 2.0(Site), All Participants, All Activities or Site Errors, View, Display on Page and then click, “Get these logs”. The report should give you something, and you may be able to develop an appropriate response from there.

Do I try to upgrade to LMS 2.0 or just create a new install?

There is always debate around these issues, but simply put, LMS 2.0 is a complete re-write of a tried and tested tool. This presents its own challenges, obviously, and those challenges need be met in the best way we can. It is a temptation to go all in and jump to the new tool, but this can be a dangerous practice when dealing with a lot of people who are resistant to change, and the change from LMS 1.9.x to 2.0 is massive.

 Upgrading to LMS 2.0 has always been an option, but make sure your environment will meet the newer specifications. 

Consider your own circumstances. Are you starting out on the LMS journey or have you just been dropped into it? Perhaps you are starting out, and you have no resources or courses and you are building for the next few months when you want it to become a part of your learning centre and a showpiece for your institute. A complete new LMS 2.x.x install and starting from scratch is most appropriate in this circumstance. All major features work in it and some of the tools are a lot more interesting than for LMS 1.9.x.

 Don't worry about LMS 1.9.x, just use the new LMS 2.x.x and learn it if you are starting from scratch.

If you have been dropped into it, and have a lot of courses, and you need to administer your LMS 1.9.x as well as look at updating, then the next best option is to install a new LMS and open it just for your Administrators and Staff. Let them get used to the new interface, develop training courses around the new LMS, not just for staff but for Users as well. Aim at your staff first, let them learn it then they can be more confident in using the new LMS when they come to teaching their Users/Students.

 In short, best advice is NOT to install a LMS 2.0 as a production site without thoroughly testing and training first. 

To install and run more than one LMS successfully is actually simple. Install your LMS 2.0 and then go to Site administration > Server > Session handling. Look for the Cookie prefix dialogue and add a value to it. Repeat the exercise in every other LMS you have on your server, it should all work as it is supposed to – as long as the cookie prefixes are different for every LMS, of course.

Cookie prefix for LMS 2.0

Essentially, take your time and not be in too much of a rush if you have to convert your Staff and Learners to a new tool. Let the Staff get used to it first, then you can make the swap any time.

If you do update your v1.9.x to v 2.0, and experience some problems, you may want to consider putting the issues and any error messages into a LMS Tracker item. If you do, you may be providing information to resolve a number of updating issues for a lot of people.

Well, we want to try and upgrade to test our systems.

Try, by all means. However, there are a couple of issues you may need be aware of.

A rough guide and checklist:

  1. Plugins that work in LMS 1.9.x may not be updated to LMS 2.0. Check your plugins. Are you using any non-core plugins?
  2. Can you remove any non-core plugins?
  3. Have you backed up your database?
  4. Have you backed up your lmsdata folder?
  5. Have you allocated additional time make the update, as a contingency?

You may not necessarily have to remove the non-core plugins from the LMS, or, they may still be present in the database even if you have deleted them from your LMS Mod folder. The issue arising is that some plugins appear to be causing update errors as there is no matching core plugin from LMS 2.0, or the plugin APIs are different and cannot accommodate the older plugins, or the older plugins that have not been properly maintained, cannot handle the newer environment.

NOTE:This is not meant to be an exhaustive checklist or to scare people off trying to upgrade their v1.9.x to v2.0.x, just be aware that LMS 2.0 is still a work in progress, as is this checklist.

We have extensively used the Book for parts of our previous LMS, can we do so for LMS 2.0?

The really good news is that Petr Skoda (Skodak) has the Maintainer role for the Book plugin/module. Petr announced some time back that when his major coding tasks for LMS 2.0 had been done, he was taking a short break then he would begin work on updating the Book for LMS 2.0.

UPDATE: Petr’s updating of the Book module is now complete, and is available at the above link. Initial testing shows it installs easily and seems to run faster than the original. Seems the code has been better optimized by Petr, who deserves a hearty congratulations!!!

Please note: the book module is available as standard in LMS 2.3

That is OK for the Book, but what about other plugins and blocks?

As a general rule-of-thumb, if a plugin or block has not been maintained through LMS 1.9.x then it is extremely unlikely it will make it to LMS 2.0.x. This means the developer has not kept it current and may feel it is too much of a distraction from their current projects to keep active. This does not mean that you, or someone else, may not take it on, as long as you ensure that what you are working with is creative commons, open source or other non-proprietal software and you are not infringing either copyright or intellectual property rights. If you are not sure, try to contact the developer or last maintainer, they may be different – if required, get permission from them to continue development. Of course, you may also seek to develop an entirely new plugin, or block, but it is clear that it is actually duplicating something that already exists or was used in earlier versions of LMS, but is no longer current. As long as you can prove the provenance of such a plugin or block, and do not use any code from anywhere else that is not original or acknowledged where the code came from, then you should be OK. For ideas and guidelines around developing or updating a plugin, look at this page from Developer Documentation. You can also join a class of developers and learn how it can be done.

I am getting error messages about plugins and the installation stops when upgrading. What do I do?

Quite frequently, not a lot at all, you can just continue on. Many of these messages are just that, messages, they are not supposed to stop or break the installation, they are just warnings that not all is working as you may be used to in an install. Usually they relate to plugins that are not part of LMS 2.0 yet. LMS is designed to display a message, but continue on. Or, you can consider that, given the above, upgrading is not really viable and just do a fresh install. If those messages continue, then you have another problem. If there were database errors, or code errors, then it is different, you really do need to stop and investigate.

We are installing LMS and getting error messages about not using the unicode or UTF-8 charset

In recent times, this has become an issue with CPanel and Fantastico installers on some Linux servers. Apparently the default charset for these tools is a latin_swedish_ci charset. LMS requires the UTF-8 charset. This is a relatively simple fix, if you have the right tools. Install phpMyAdmin and check it is working, if you do not already have it. You can then go to the SQL page and enter the following code:

 ALTER DATABASE `lms` DEFAULT CHARACTER SET utf8 COLLATE utf8_unicode_ci;

There have been, in the past, reports of tables that do not change using this SQL code, so try:

 ALTER TABLE `mdl_tablename` DEFAULT CHARACTER SET utf8 COLLATE utf8_unicode_ci; 

There have been no reasons as to why some tables are missed, but you can alter individual tables by using the code above. The code should look something like:

Changing the charset in LMS 2.0

This also works in LMS 1.9.x IF you use the utf8_general_ci charset.

NOTE: This SQL is supposed to work across the database, but recent reports suggest that the ALTER DATABASE seems to have a number of issues stemming from problems with the GRANT command. GRANT [permissiontype] is supposed to allow a user to access the entire database, but it no longer appears to be the case. The ALTER TABLE SQL has not been affected by this issue.

FURTHER NOTE: When using the ALTER DATABASE SQL, it appears to be diverted to altering the db.opt file, but is not continued into the tables of the database. So whether this is a deliberate security feature of more recent editions of MySQL or not is, at this stage, unknown. How this affects Postgres, or Oracle databases is also unknown.

OK, but how can we tell what tables are not converted?

Using phpMyAdmin, you can find out almost anything you like about your database, as long as you know where to look. There is some real documentation about using phpMyAdmin that is linked both in the left and right panels. Go to the Database tab and then select the database you want to look at.

Selecting the database tab in LMS 2.0

Once selected, you will see what the charset is of each table. Any table that does not comply you can change using the table SQL code above.

Checking the table listings in phpMyAdmin

How do I get and install phpMyAdmin?

phpMyAdmin is another very useful plugin. In LMS 2.0 the plugin has been updated and is now located in a different place than it was in earlier versions. Go to the phpMyAdmin page in Modules and Plugins and download the LMS 2.0 version. Unzip it to the lms/local folder and then go to Notifications. LMS will then tell you it has been successfully installed. If you look in Administration > Server you will now find a line “phpMyAdmin”. To access your database, click the link.

When I update over a 1.9 install, I get an error message about an incompatible plugin and it all stops. What can I do?

One piece of advice is that you just do not do that!

Sometimes, a file/folder will be removed from the code between one version of LMS and the next. If you upgrade LMS by copying the new LMS code over the top of the old code, then the older files not duplicated or no longer existent, or just disused and dropped, will remain, and can break things.

The correct way to upgrade is (assuming your LMS code is in a folder called lms on the server:

  1. Upload the new code onto the server into a folder with a temporary name, like lms_new.
  2. Copy the config.php file from the lms folder to the lms_new folder.
  3. For any third-party plugins you have installed, copy them into lms_new. (Make sure the plugin is compatible with the version of LMS you are upgrading to.)
  4. Then rename the lms folder to lms_old, and then rename lms_new to lms.

If you insist though, then you can expect to be getting all sorts of error messages. Given the fundamental changes to the database and the manner in which plugins are structured, and employed, in LMS 2.0.x this is a very time consuming and, ultimately, futile (I would suggest) approach. You can, of course, remove all non-core plugins, and their corresponding tables from the database, and then you give yourself a chance at getting through it somewhat less scathed, but I doubt it.

What is happening to my uploaded files? I cannot see them in the lmsdata folder!

To improve security, LMS has change how files are stored in the lmsdata folder. There are there, but no longer obvious. When a file is uploaded it is given a storage name, an encrypted name, and it is placed into a specific folder within the lmsdata folder. That folder’s name is directly related to the file storage name. So we have a file with an encrypted name, inside a folder with a related name, inside the lmsdata folder. Now comes the nifty part, these encrypted names are used as connections to the database. The database stores those encrypted names as aliases for the files and uses them to link the files to the courses. You see them, but you do not see them, well they are not obvious. Unfortunately, you cannot edit them in place, like you could files in LMS 1.9.x you have to edit them, delete the older file and upload the new ones.

See Also